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                  <text>&lt;h2&gt;Lighthouse Logs&lt;/h2&gt;</text>
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              <text>&lt;table&gt;&#13;
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&lt;td&gt;1&lt;/td&gt;&#13;
&lt;td&gt;Beavertail Lighthouse: Beacon of History&lt;br /&gt;Celebrating 250 Years of America’s Story&lt;/td&gt;&#13;
&lt;/tr&gt;&#13;
&lt;tr&gt;&#13;
&lt;td&gt;2&lt;/td&gt;&#13;
&lt;td&gt;President’s Summer 2026 Message&lt;br /&gt;Night for the Light - An Evening Under the Stars Cocktail Gala Fundraiser&lt;br /&gt;Beavertail Lighthouse Scavenger&lt;br /&gt;Hunt Updated&lt;/td&gt;&#13;
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&lt;td&gt;On the Cover: US Semiquincentennial&lt;br /&gt;Beavertail Lighthouse: Beacon of History&lt;/td&gt;&#13;
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&lt;td&gt;4&lt;/td&gt;&#13;
&lt;td&gt;BLMA Welcomes Summer Intern Bella Guertin&lt;br /&gt;A New Tax Benefit Shines on Lighthouse Giving&lt;br /&gt;It’s that Time of Year Again: Beavertail Lighthouse Sound Bath&lt;/td&gt;&#13;
&lt;/tr&gt;&#13;
&lt;tr&gt;&#13;
&lt;td&gt;5&lt;/td&gt;&#13;
&lt;td&gt;Honoring a Legacy of Service&lt;br /&gt;BLMA 2026 Scholarship Winner Zoe Melucci&lt;br /&gt;George J. Light: Beavertail’s Last Assistant Keeper 1869 - 1971&lt;/td&gt;&#13;
&lt;/tr&gt;&#13;
&lt;tr&gt;&#13;
&lt;td&gt;6&lt;/td&gt;&#13;
&lt;td&gt;Rhode Island’s Perilous Coast&lt;br /&gt;Point Judith (Part 9)&lt;/td&gt;&#13;
&lt;/tr&gt;&#13;
&lt;tr&gt;&#13;
&lt;td&gt;7&lt;/td&gt;&#13;
&lt;td&gt;Beavertail Lighthouse RI Charity License Plate&lt;/td&gt;&#13;
&lt;/tr&gt;&#13;
&lt;tr&gt;&#13;
&lt;td&gt;8&lt;/td&gt;&#13;
&lt;td&gt;Museum &amp;amp; Tower Climb Schedule&lt;br /&gt;Website &amp;amp; Contact Info&lt;/td&gt;&#13;
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                <text>This detector was in operation at Beavertail for 20 years and replaced by the Mariner Radio Activated System (MRASS) in 2019. &#13;
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                <text>In 1991, the 4th order Fresnel lens was replaced by a type "DCB 24" (Drum Contained Beacon) rotating Aero Beacon. While originally designed for airport use, it is typical of replacements taking place in lighthouses nationwide. The DCB 24 uses a 1000 watt long life tungsten halogen lamp with the parabolic reflector mirror behind the lamp emitting a 2.5 million candlepower pencil beam. &#13;
&#13;
The electric drive motor is mounted below the lamp canister drum and was adjusted to rotate the light to show as a characteristic single flash every 6 seconds. In 2007 it was changed to 9 seconds. The light has two ear-like baffles on either side of the drum to minimize backward reflections off the lantern room glass panels as it rotates. &#13;
&#13;
The power to the beacon must be shut down for safety concerns when performing maintenance in the lantern room since the rotating baffles do not allow room for personnel. Beavertail light remains on continually 24 hours a day and as the drum rotates it appears to flash once in coincidence with its rotational speed.</text>
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                <text>As the Coast Guard automated their lighthouses and removed Keepers who visually sighted fog and turned on the signal, a means to detect fog electronically was invented. This device became the standard sensor used by the US Coast Guard to detect fog and turn on the signal. &#13;
&#13;
The detector consists of two parts, a projector, and a receiver. The projector sends out stereo-type flashes of light which hit air particles of fog, which are retracted back to the receiver as "back scattered light." The receiver's threshold is adjusted to turn on the fog signal at a specified density level. &#13;
&#13;
This device was located in the electrical/battery room adjoining the light tower here at Beavertail. </text>
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                <text>4 Capital Campaign Plaques</text>
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                <text>Discontinued Electronic Fog Signal Sensor</text>
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                <text>This electrical box shows components and technology used to control various modes of the fog signal detector previously located in this room. It remained in operation from 1960 to 2010. The Fog Signal Sensor can be seen in another room of this museum</text>
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                <text>Monkey's Fist</text>
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                <text>A monkey's fist or paw is a type of knot so named because it looks somewhat like a bunched fist. It is tied at  the end of a rope to serve as a weight, making it easy to throw. This type also can be used as a hand to hand weapon, but mostly used to haul a heavier line ship to ship or to a dock. </text>
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                <text>Certification of Document Signed by George Washington Employing William Martin as Keeper of the Beavertail Lighthouse</text>
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                <text>1770</text>
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            <name>Title</name>
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                <text>Navigational Buoys</text>
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                <text>The Great Hurricane of 1938 Exhibit</text>
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                <text>Wall exhibit describing the Great Hurricane of 1938 and its impacts on Jamestown. </text>
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              <text>https://collections.lib.uwm.edu/digital/collection/agdm/id/5358/</text>
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              <text>The most famous and definitive map of lower Narragansett Bay depicting the region as it was in 1778 is "A Topographical Chart of the Bay of Narraganset in the Province of New England".  Originally surveyed by the British military cartographer Charles Blaskowitz and published by William Faden in July 1777, this chart became the primary map used by both British and French naval forces during the critical campaigns of 1778.  What the 1777–1778 Chart Depicts:The Islands: It features a highly detailed geological layout of Rhode Island (Aquidneck Island) and Connonicut (Conanicut Island).  Hydrographic Soundings: It shows explicit depth soundings and navigational hazards (shoals, banks, and rocks) throughout the East Passage, West Passage, and Sakonnet River.  Fortifications: The chart displays the active military works, batteries, and redoubts raised by both American forces and the British garrison.  Local Settlements: It includes mini plan-views of the towns of Newport and Providence, mapping out early street grids, property boundaries, and prominent farms.  </text>
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                <text>A topographical chart of the bay of Narraganset in the province of New England : with all the isles contained therein, among which Rhode Island and Connonicut have been particularly surveyed, shewing the true position &amp; bearings of the banks, shoals, rocks &amp;c. as likewise the soundings; To which have been added the several works &amp; batteries raised by the Americans. Taken by order of the principal farmers on Rhode Island&#13;
&#13;
	&#13;
Hand colored ; Relief shown by hachures. Depths shown by soundings ; Inscribed "To the Right Honourable Hugh Earl Percy ... with His Lordship's permission ... by ... Wm. Faden." ; Includes text, "References to the batteries," and "A list of the principal farms in Rhode Island."</text>
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                <text>American Geographical Society Library Digital Map Collection</text>
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https://uwm.edu/libraries/digital-collections/copyright-digcoll/</text>
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                <text>Blaskowitz, Charles</text>
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              <text>This artwork portrays a pivotal moment during the American Revolutionary War: the arrival of the French fleet in Narragansett Bay to support the American cause during the **Battle of Rhode Island** in August 1778.&#13;
Specifically, it depicts the French squadron, commanded by Vice Admiral Charles Henri Hector d'Estaing, forcing its way past British coastal batteries and into Newport Harbor.&#13;
&#13;
### Translation of the Text&#13;
&#13;
The writing is in 18th-century French. Here is the translation of the main sections:&#13;
&#13;
**The Top Banner:**&#13;
&#13;
&gt; "Campaign of Vice Admiral Count d’Estaing in America, commanding a squadron of 12 ships of the line and 4 frigates, having left Toulon on April 13, 1778."&#13;
&#13;
**The Bottom Title:**&#13;
&#13;
&gt; "The Squadron forcing entry into the Bay of Rhode Island under fire from the batteries."&#13;
&#13;
**The Descriptive Paragraph:**&#13;
&#13;
&gt; "After 9 days of stationing outside of Rhode Island, the squadron enters this bay on August 8 through the channel or the 'Pass of the Sun,' and goes to anchor across from Newport—out of range of the batteries—intending to carry out an attack the next day against this town, in a combined operation with the American troops."&#13;
&#13;
---&#13;
&#13;
### Historical Context&#13;
&#13;
The image illustrates the tactical maneuver where d'Estaing’s ships had to run a gauntlet of British cannons positioned on the shores of Conanicut Island (where the Beavertail Lighthouse is located) and Aquidneck Island.&#13;
&#13;
In the artwork, you can see:&#13;
&#13;
- **The French Ships:** Sailing in a line (the _line of battle_) to concentrate their firepower.&#13;
    &#13;
- **The Combat:** Small puffs of smoke on the horizon and near the ships indicate the exchange of cannon fire between the fleet and the British land batteries.&#13;
    &#13;
- **The Objective:** Newport (indicated by the letter 'b' in the key) was the primary British stronghold in the region at the time.&#13;
    &#13;
&#13;
This event was a major morale boost for the American revolutionaries, as it marked the first significant naval intervention by their new French allies, though the subsequent land battle and a massive storm eventually forced the French to withdraw to Boston for repairs.&#13;
&#13;
Would you like to know more about how the British responded to this arrival, or perhaps more about the specific ships shown in the line?&#13;
# The British Response&#13;
The British response to the arrival of Admiral d'Estaing’s fleet was a mixture of strategic panic and a "scorched earth" defensive policy. Because the British were outgunned at sea, they focused on preventing the French from seizing their ships and securing Newport's land defenses.&#13;
&#13;
Here is how the response unfolded:&#13;
&#13;
### 1. The Destruction of the British Fleet&#13;
&#13;
The British realized they could not win a naval battle against the massive French ships of the line. To prevent their vessels from being captured and used against them, they took drastic measures:&#13;
&#13;
- **Scuttling Ships:** They intentionally sank several of their own frigates and smaller vessels in Newport Harbor to create underwater blockades.&#13;
    &#13;
- **Burning Ships:** Ships like the _HMS Flora_ and _HMS Juno_ were set on fire by their own crews as the French approached to ensure the "prizes" of war were destroyed.&#13;
    &#13;
&#13;
### 2. Strengthening "Butts" and Batteries&#13;
&#13;
While the French were forcing the channel (as seen in your image), the British land forces, led by General Robert Pigot, retreated into a heavily fortified "inner line" of defense.&#13;
&#13;
- **The Newport Line:** They abandoned the outer parts of the island to concentrate their 6,000 troops around the town of Newport itself.&#13;
    &#13;
- **Artillery Duels:** British batteries at places like Brenton Point and Goat Island engaged in fierce artillery duels with the passing French ships to inflict as much hull damage as possible.&#13;
    &#13;
&#13;
### 3. Tactical Scarcity (Scorched Earth)&#13;
&#13;
To ensure the arriving French and the approaching American land forces (under General John Sullivan) had no resources to rely on, the British systematically stripped the countryside:&#13;
&#13;
- **Livestock &amp; Crops:** They seized or destroyed local cattle, sheep, and grain stores.&#13;
    &#13;
- **Deforestation:** They cut down nearly every tree on the north end of the island to clear lines of sight for their cannons and to provide wood for fortifications.&#13;
    &#13;
&#13;
### 4. The Response at Beavertail&#13;
&#13;
During this period of heightened defense, the British became extremely protective of the West Passage. They occupied the **Beavertail Lighthouse** area as a primary lookout point. While the final burning of the lighthouse didn't happen until their total evacuation in 1779, the arrival of the French in 1778 caused the British to militarize the point, turning the lighthouse from a navigational aid into a strategic military outpost to watch for French reinforcements.&#13;
&#13;
### 5. The "Great Storm" Gamble&#13;
&#13;
Ultimately, the British were saved not by their own navy, but by nature. As d'Estaing prepared to land troops, a second British fleet under Admiral Lord Howe appeared. Before the two navies could engage in a full-scale battle, a massive hurricane (known historically as the **"Great Storm of 1778"**) hit.&#13;
&#13;
- The storm scattered and badly damaged both fleets.&#13;
    &#13;
- The French were forced to sail to Boston for repairs, effectively ending the immediate threat to the British at Newport and leaving the American land forces without the naval support they were promised.&#13;
    &#13;
&#13;
This British "hold out" strategy was successful; they maintained control of Newport for another full year until they voluntarily evacuated in October 1779.</text>
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Campaign of Vice Admiral Count d’Estaing in America, commanding a squadron of 12 ships of the line and 4 frigates, having left Toulon on April 13, 1778&#13;
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The Squadron forcing entry into the Bay of Rhode Island under fire from the batteries.&#13;
After 9 days of stationing outside of Rhode Island, the squadron enters this bay on August 8 through the channel or the 'Pass of the Sun,' and goes to anchor across from Newport—out of range of the batteries—intending to carry out an attack the next day against this town, in a combined operation with the American troops&#13;
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              <text>May 16, 1929 – June 1, 2025&#13;
Peter Parsons Frazier, 96, passed away peacefully on June 1, 2025, in San Marcos, California. Born May 16, 1929, in St. Louis, Missouri, Peter grew up in Pleasantville, NY. He was a proud World War II-era veteran of the U.S. Army. He had a rich and varied professional journey, working in industrial steel sales, as a stock broker, an arborist, and in public education at Sidney Fenn Elementary School in Medina, Ohio, and Hamilton Elementary School in North Kingstown, RI. A published poet and author of children’s literature, he brought imagination and insight to his writing. Camera in hand, Peter spent hours photographing birds and walking in the natural world, always with an eye for beauty. He was also an avid golfer. In retirement, he and his beloved wife volunteered at the Beavertail Lighthouse Museum in Jamestown, Rhode Island—one of their favorite places. A devoted husband, companion, father, and grandfather, Peter was preceded in death by his wife, Joan McClintock Frazier, who passed away in 2003; his mother, Gertrude Parsons Frazier; his father, Earl Johnston Frazier; and his sister, Shirley Frazier Payne. He is survived by his five children, Margaret Frazier of Carolina, RI; Patricia Katz of Cranston, RI; Peter Frazier of New York, NY;  Gwen Cordiak of  Tempe, AZ; and Jeﬀrey Frazier of San Marcos, CA; thirteen grandchildren, and fifteen great-grandchildren. His family hopes to emulate his warmth, wit, optimism, and unwavering moral clarity. A private celebration of life will be held by the family. In lieu of flowers, donations may be made in his memory to Beavertail Lighthouse Museum Association, https://www.beavertaillight.org/donate or the Audubon Society of RI,   https://asri.org/donate/tribute/.&#13;
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&lt;td&gt;1&lt;/td&gt;&#13;
&lt;td&gt;Spring 2026 President’s Message&lt;/td&gt;&#13;
&lt;/tr&gt;&#13;
&lt;tr&gt;&#13;
&lt;td&gt;2&lt;/td&gt;&#13;
&lt;td&gt;Wind, Waves, and Whiteout: Bombogenesis Transforms Beavertail&lt;br /&gt;The Beavertail Lighthouse Association Scholarship&lt;br /&gt;in Memory of W. Craig Armington&lt;/td&gt;&#13;
&lt;/tr&gt;&#13;
&lt;tr&gt;&#13;
&lt;td&gt;3&lt;/td&gt;&#13;
&lt;td&gt;Night for the Light Fundraiser -Save the Date!&lt;br /&gt;The Keeper Who Had to “Fish” for the Fog Bell&lt;/td&gt;&#13;
&lt;/tr&gt;&#13;
&lt;tr&gt;&#13;
&lt;td&gt;4&lt;/td&gt;&#13;
&lt;td&gt;A Clambake at Beavertail&lt;/td&gt;&#13;
&lt;/tr&gt;&#13;
&lt;tr&gt;&#13;
&lt;td&gt;5&lt;/td&gt;&#13;
&lt;td&gt;Beavertail and the American Revolution: A Story of Fire and Resilience&lt;/td&gt;&#13;
&lt;/tr&gt;&#13;
&lt;tr&gt;&#13;
&lt;td&gt;6&lt;/td&gt;&#13;
&lt;td&gt;Rhode Island’s Perilous Coast&lt;br /&gt;Point Judith (Part 8)&lt;/td&gt;&#13;
&lt;/tr&gt;&#13;
&lt;tr&gt;&#13;
&lt;td&gt;7&lt;/td&gt;&#13;
&lt;td&gt;Exciting New Displays at the Museum&lt;/td&gt;&#13;
&lt;/tr&gt;&#13;
&lt;tr&gt;&#13;
&lt;td&gt;8&lt;/td&gt;&#13;
&lt;td&gt;Museum &amp;amp; Tower Climb Schedule&lt;br /&gt;Website &amp;amp; Contact Info&lt;/td&gt;&#13;
&lt;/tr&gt;&#13;
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